The pillars of our pigs’ diet are pasture or hay, whey, and local, non-GMO grain grown for us by our friends at Inverness Farm. From early spring through the middle of the fall our pigs are outside. They are usually on pasture, but sometimes we’ll put them into a section of woods to help clear brush. We also don’t move them on the same sort of regimented pasture rotation schedule as the ruminants. Pigs both graze and root, so we will move them quickly if they are on a piece of ground we don’t want them to churn up, but we’re happy to leave them in one place for a bit longer if we aim to renovate a weedy spot.
One of our long term goals is to figure out how best to maximize the pasture intake of our pigs. This is a complicated issue, and it has several components. The first is genetics. Some pigs are more inclined to root than others, just as some have longer legs or bigger hams. But fertility also plays a role. Pigs are less inclined to root particularly fertile pasture, so as our management practices increase the overall fertility of the farm we expect the amount rooting to decrease. They also root less on land that pigs have previously worked over, which is a real mystery to us at this point.
Conventional pig production has a huge waste management problem. When thousands or tens of thousands of hogs are packed ham to jowl in giant barns they produce municipal amounts of manure, and there is often not enough agricultural land in the immediate area on which to spread it. This causes water pollution - both of wells and surface waters - and it also degrades the quality of life in the local community, because the smell permeates the air for miles.
Keeping our pigs outdoors for much of the year and moving them regularly ensures that their manure is spread over an appropriate amount of land. It actually helps improve the fertility of our farm without polluting the air or water.
Our ideal pig grows well, has a large mature weight, enthusiastically forages, has a calm temperament, and produces superior pork. Most modern factory pigs have been selected solely for the fastest production of the leanest possible meat on a diet of corn and soy. They are fragile, aggressive, and easily stressed. But various heritage breeds do have the traits we desire, and therefore we raise those older breeds with the traits we like to see in pigs. We spent a number of years trying to breed pigs specifically for our farm, but in 2019 we decided to get rid of our sows and boars. Now we purchase weaned pigelts (8 to 12 weeks old) from other farmers we trust to do things right (no crates, plenty of enriched environment, varied diet, etc). We enjoyed some parts of having baby pigs on our farm, but the time involved in getting piglets started in life is substantial. With all the other irons we have the fire, it makes for sense for us to focus on raising good pigs most of the way, but not to deal with them when they're tiny.
One nice thing about pigs is that they are curious, and they love food. Often we need to do nothing more than lead them with a bucket in hand to have them follow us anywhere. They’ll run straight into a new paddock or hop right up in a stock trailer if they think there’s a chance they’ll get a full belly out of it.
Unlike ruminants pigs need winter housing. Once the weather gets cold our pigs live in hoops bedded with mulch hay and wood chips. Using enough bedding serves a number of functions. It gives them a warm, clean place to bed down, it absorbs nutrients that would otherwise be lost by offgassing or leaching, and it controls unpleasant smells. If given enough space pigs will set up a latrine in one area and bed down in another, which makes it much easier to keep their house tidy.
